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Work and Occupations
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The Feminization of Public School Teaching

1870-1920

JOHN G. RICHARDSON

Western Washington University

BRENDA WOODEN HATCHER

Western Washington University

This article presents an explanation for the process of feminization of public school teaching in the United States between 1870 and 1920. Feminization of teaching is seen as generated by economic constraints increased by the formal definition of state school systems through enactment of compulsory attendance laws. Juxtaposed to school system needs to reduce costs were ideological and cultural restraints, rooted in the structure of preindustrial households and religious disestablishment, against the economic independence of women. Through regression and path analysis, the direct and indirect effects of predictors of proportion female in teaching are tested in a state-by-state analysis for 1870, 1880, 1890, and 1900.

Work and Occupations, Vol. 10, No. 1, 81-99 (1983)
DOI: 10.1177/0730888483010001005
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