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Work and Occupations, Vol. 31, No. 3, 345-366 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0730888404266349

Toward a Dual-Process Model of Work-Home Interference

Arnold B. Bakker

Utrecht University, A.Bakker{at}fss.uu.nl

Sabine A. E. Geurts

University of Nijmegen

This article introduces the dual-process model of work-home interference (WHI), which claims that job characteristics can be categorized in two broad categories, job demands and job resources, that are differentially related to job-related outcomes and WHI measures. The model proposes that job demands are primarily related to feelings of exhaustion, whereas job resources are primarily related to work-related flow. The central hypothesis of the current study among 1,090 employees was that exhaustion and flow, in turn, are related to negative and positive WHI, respectively. A series of structured equation modeling (SEM) analyses provided strong evidence for the dual-process model of WHI. The implications for WHI research and practice are discussed.

Key Words: work-home interference • exhaustion • flow • recovery


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