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Work and Occupations
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Parental Leave Statutes and Maternal Return to Work After Childbirth in the United States

Sandra L. Hofferth

Sally C. Curtin

University of Maryland

This article examines whether the passage of the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) altered mothers' postpartum employment continuity, job retention, andwages. Data were drawn from the 1984-1997waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Women who had a child post-FMLA returned to work more quickly and were more likely to return to the same job. However, except for those who remained with the same employer, wages in the 2 years after birth declined. The results suggest that the FMLA increased employment and retention but reduced wages in the short term as mothers traded earnings for job flexibility.

Key Words: childbirth • maternal employment • parental leave

Work and Occupations, Vol. 33, No. 1, 73-105 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0730888405281889
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