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Work and Occupations, Vol. 33, No. 2, 191-223 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0730888405280446

Family-Friendly Organizations? Work and Family Programs in the 1990s

Amy E. Davis

Arne L. Kalleberg

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Benefits that enable employees to manage better their work and personal lives are an important form of compensation offered by some but by no means all organizations. Using data from the 1996 National Organizations Study, the authors test three theoretical perspectives (internal economic, external economic, and institutional pressures) on the existence of four family-friendly benefits in U.S. establishments. These theories are not opposing, and the authors find support for each: Different benefits are provided in response to different pressures. Furthermore, although most organizations had one familyfriendly benefit in 1996, these benefits have not been universally adopted.

Key Words: family-friendly employment practices • economic theory • institutional theory


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