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Work and Occupations
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Staying Underground: Informal Work, Small Firms, and Employment Regulation in the United Kingdom

Monder Ram

de Montfort University

Paul Edwards

University of Warwick

Trevor Jones

de Montfort University

Why does a universal labor law, the National Minimum Wage (NMW) in the United Kingdom, have little effect on firms operating in the informal economy? In explaining this particular empirical puzzle, the authors go beyond dominant accounts of the informal economy—the neo-liberal and the marginalization theses—to develop analysis based on the negotiation of consent within the labor process. Evidence from employers and employees in 17 firms is presented. The informal sector developed social relations of work that operated independently of the NMW, a key aspect being a tacit negotiation of order even under conditions apparently unhelpful to such practices. Informality was deeply embedded in relations of work that continued to reproduce themselves.

Key Words: employment regulations • ethnic minority enterprise • informal economy • National Minimum Wage

Work and Occupations, Vol. 34, No. 3, 318-344 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0730888407303223
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